EU/3/16/1656

On 28 April 2016, orphan designation (EU/3/16/1656) was granted by the European Commission to SELLAS Life Sciences Group UK, Limited, United Kingdom, for Tyr-Met-Phe-Pro-Asn-Ala-Pro-Tyr-Leu, Ser-Gly-Gln-Ala-Tyr-Met-Phe-Pro-Asn-Ala-Pro-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Ser-Cys-Leu-Glu-Ser, Arg-Ser-Asp-Glu-Leu-Val-Arg-His-His-Asn-Met-His-Gln-Arg-Asn-Met-Thr-Lys-Leu and Pro-Gly-Cys-Asn-Lys-Arg-Tyr-Phe-Lys-Leu-Ser-His-Leu-Gln-Met-His-Ser-Arg-Lys-His-Thr-Gly for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia.

What is acute myeloid leukaemia?

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a cancer of the white blood cells (cells that fight against infections). In patients with AML, the bone marrow (the spongy tissue inside the large bones, where blood cells are produced) produces large numbers of abnormal, immature white blood cells. These abnormal cells quickly build up in large numbers in the bone marrow and are found in the blood.

AML is a long-term debilitating and life-threatening disease because these abnormal immature cells take the place of the normal blood cells, causing bleeding episodes, blood clots and a reduced ability to fight infections.

What is the estimated number of patients affected by the condition?

At the time of designation, AML affected approximately 1 in 10,000 people in the European Union (EU). This was equivalent to a total of 51,000 people*, and is below the ceiling for orphan designation, which is 5 people in 10,000. This is based on the information provided by the sponsor and the knowledge of the Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products (COMP).

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*Disclaimer: For the purpose of the designation, the number of patients affected by the condition is estimated and assessed on the basis of data from the European Union (EU 28), Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein. This represents a population of 513,700,000 (Eurostat 2016).

What treatments are available?

Treatment for AML is complex and depends on a number of factors including the extent of the disease, whether it has been treated before, and the patient’s age, symptoms and general state of health. At the time of designation, the main treatments for AML were chemotherapy (medicines to treat cancer) and haematopoietic (blood) stem-cell transplantation (a complex procedure where the patient receives stem cells from a matched donor to help restore the bone marrow).

The sponsor has provided sufficient information to show that this medicine might be of significant benefit for patients with AML. Studies indicate that treatment with the medicine improves survival in patients who do not show any signs of cancer following treatment with other medicines. This assumption will need to be confirmed at the time of marketing authorisation, in order to maintain the orphan status.

How is this medicine expected to work?

This medicine works by stimulating the patient’s immune system, the body’s natural defences, so that it targets and destroys the cancer cells. The medicine contains four amino acid chains and an adjuvant (a compound that enhances the immune response). The amino acid chains are similar to parts of a protein called Wilms’ tumour 1 present in many cancer cells including AML cells. When the medicine is given, the patient’s immune system is expected to learn to treat Wilms’ tumour 1 as ‘foreign’. This is expected to stimulate an immune response against the AML cells producing Wilms’ tumour 1, resulting in the immune system attacking and destroying these cancer cells.

What is the stage of development of this medicine?

The effects of the medicine have been evaluated in experimental models.

At the time of submission of the application for orphan designation, clinical trials with the medicine in patients with AML were ongoing.

At the time of submission, the medicine was not authorised anywhere in the EU for AML. Orphan designation had been granted in the United States for AML.

In accordance with Regulation (EC) No 141/2000 of 16 December 1999, the COMP adopted a positive opinion on 23 March 2016 recommending the granting of this designation.

Opinions on orphan medicinal product designations are based on the following three criteria:

• the seriousness of the condition;
• the existence of alternative methods of diagnosis, prevention or treatment;
• either the rarity of the condition (affecting not more than 5 in 10,000 people in the EU) or insufficient returns on investment.

Designated orphan medicinal products are products that are still under investigation and are considered for orphan designation on the basis of potential activity. An orphan designation is not a marketing authorisation. As a consequence, demonstration of quality, safety and efficacy is necessary before a product can be granted a marketing authorisation.

The Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products reviews the orphan designation of a product if it is approved for marketing authorisation.