The objective of the draft reflection paper is to review available information on the emissions and the environmental fate of veterinary medicinal products as sources of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial resistant genes to and within the environment, and their risk to human and animal health. The document considers the suitability of the current risk assessment process for AMR and risk mitigation recommendations, and notes knowledge gaps and research needs.
Keywords: antibiotic, environmental fate, human health, animal health, risk assessment, antimicrobial resistance bacteria (ARB), antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs).