COVID-19 medicines
HumanCOVID-19
The table below lists the COVID-19 vaccines that are authorised for use in the EU, including originally authorised and adapted vaccines.
Adapted vaccines are intended to provide broader protection against different virus variants following initial vaccination.
Companies marketing originally authorised vaccines can apply to change the marketing authorisation to include an adapted version, which is shown in italics in the table below.
| Vaccine | Marketing authorisation holder | Key milestones | More information |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kostaive | Arcturus Therapeutics Europe B.V. | Marketing authorisation issued: 12/02/2025 | |
| Nuvaxovid | Novavax CZ, a.s. | Nuvaxovid JN.1 (adapted) authorised: 08/10/2024 Nuvaxovid XBB.1.5 (adapted) authorised: 31/10/2023 Standard marketing authorisation issued: 04/07/2023 Annual renewal issued: 03/10/2022 Conditional marketing authorisation issued: 20/12/2021 | Nuvaxovid: product information Clinical data (login required) |
| Spikevax (previously COVID-19 Vaccine Moderna) | Moderna Biotech Spain S.L. | Spikevax JN.1 (adapted) authorised: 10/09/2024 Spikevax XBB.1.5 (adapted) authorised: 15/09/2023 Spikevax bivalent Original/Omicron BA.4-5 (adapted) authorised: 20/10/2022 Standard marketing authorisation issued: 03/10/2022 Spikevax bivalent Original/Omicron BA.1 (adapted) authorised: 01/09/2022 Annual renewal issued: 04/10/2021 Conditional marketing authorisation issued: 06/01/2021 | Clinical data (login required) |
| Comirnaty (developed by BioNTech and Pfizer) | BioNTech Manufacturing GmbH | Comirnaty KP.2 (adapted) authorised: 26/09/2024 Comirnaty JN.1 (adapted) authorised: 03/07/2024 Comirnaty Omicron XBB.1.5 (adapted) authorised: 31/08/2023 Standard marketing authorisation issued: 10/10/2022 Comirnaty Original/Omicron BA.4-5 (adapted) authorised: 12/09/2022 Comirnaty Original/Omicron BA.1 (adapted) authorised: 01/09/2022 Annual renewal issued: 03/11/2021 Conditional marketing authorisation issued: 21/12/2020 | Clinical data (login required) |
| Bimervax (previously COVID-19 Vaccine HIPRA) | HIPRA Human Health S.L.U. | Marketing authorisation issued: 30/03/2023 | Clinical data (login required) |
For more information on how EMA evaluated these vaccines, see:
The following treatments can be used in the EU to treat COVID-19:
| Treatment | Status | More information |
|---|---|---|
| Evusheld (tixagevimab / cilgavimab) | Marketing authorisation granted: 25/03/2022 | Latest news |
| Kineret (anakinra) | Marketing authorisation granted: 17/12/2021 | Latest news |
| Paxlovid (PF-07321332 / ritonavir) | Marketing authorisation granted: 24/02/2023 Conditional marketing authorisation granted: 28/01/2022 | |
| RoActemra | Marketing authorisation for COVID-19 indication granted: 07/12/2021 | Latest news |
| Veklury (remdesivir) | Marketing authorisation granted: 08/08/2022 Conditional marketing authorisation granted: 03/07/2020 | Clinical data (login required) |
| Regkirona (regdanvimab) | Marketing authorisation granted: 12/11/2021 | |
| Ronapreve (casirivimab / imdevimab) | Marketing authorisation granted: 12/11/2021 | Latest news |
| Xevudy (sotrovimab) | Marketing authorisation granted: 17/12/2021 | Latest news |
For more information on how EMA fast-tracks its evaluation of promising potential COVID-19 medicines, see:
COVID-19 vaccines: strains, use and age ranges
Select the expandable panel below (via the arrow symbol) to get an overview of the characteristics of the COVID-19 vaccines authorised in the EU. This includes:
- Types - the type of technology used to develop the vaccine
- Strains - the type of virus the vaccine targets, i.e. 'wild-type' (original), a variant or a sub-variant of the virus
- Use - whether the vaccine is for primary or for booster vaccination
- Population - which age groups the vaccine is used in
| Vaccine | Type* | Strain | Population |
| Comirnaty (BioNTech) | mRNA |
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| Spikevax (Moderna) | mRNA |
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| Nuvaxovid (Novavax) | Protein |
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| Bimervax (HIPRA Human Health S.L.U.) | Protein |
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Kostaive (Arcturus Therapeutics Europe B.V.) | sa-mRNA | Original strain | For original strain - authorised from 18 years onwards |
* See available types
** Only used as boosters
For more information on available types used to develop authorised COVID-19 vaccines, select the expandable panel below:
mRNA / sa-mRNA
An mRNA vaccine contains a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) with instructions for producing the spike protein from SARS-CoV-2. A self-amplifying (sa-mRNA) vaccine also has instructions for making an enzyme called replicase, which makes additional copies of the mRNA.
Protein
The vaccine contains a version of the spike protein which has been produced in the laboratory.
EMA monitors the safety of COVID-19 vaccines authorised in the EU extremely carefully. This enables the detection of any rare side effects that may emerge once many millions of people are vaccinated.
Safety information on each COVID-19 vaccine is available:
Ongoing clinical trials
Information on ongoing clinical trials for COVID-19 treatments in the European Economic Area (EEA) is available in the EU Clinical Trials Register (EU CTR):
Users can find information on:
- phase II to phase IV adult clinical trials for COVID-19 treatments where the investigator sites are in the EEA;
- any clinical trials in children with investigator sites in the EU and any trials that form part of a paediatric investigation plan, including those where the investigator sites are outside the EU.
Phase I clinical trials conducted solely in adults are not made publicly available in the EU CTR.
For more information on the EU CTR and how clinical trials are authorised and overseen in the EEA, see: