Diacerein-containing medicines for oral administration

Diacerein is a medicine used to treat joint diseases such as osteoarthritis (swelling and pain in the joints). Following an EU-wide review of diacerein, its use has been restricted in order to minimise the risks of severe diarrhoea and liver problems.

Patients are advised of the following:

• Diacerein should only be used for treating symptoms of osteoarthritis affecting the hip or knee.
• If you have diarrhoea while taking diacerein, stop taking your medicine and contact your doctor to discuss which other treatments you can take.
• If you are taking diacerein and you are 65 years or above, contact your doctor to discuss your treatment.
• You should not take diacerein if you have or have had liver problems. Your doctor will monitor your liver function on a regular basis and advise about the symptoms of liver problems (such as pruritus (itching) and jaundice). Contact your doctor if you have symptoms of liver problems.
• If you have any questions about your treatment, please contact your doctor or pharmacist.

• Due to the risks associated with severe diarrhoea:
  • it is advisable to start treatment with half the normal dose (i.e. 50 mg per day) for the first 2 to 4 weeks, after which the recommended dose is 50 mg twice a day.
  • treatment should be stopped if diarrhoea occurs.
  • diacerein is not recommended in patients aged 65 years or above.
• Diacerein must not be used in any patient with liver disease or a history of liver disease. Doctors should be monitoring their patients for early signs of liver problems and advising them how to recognise early symptoms.
• Diacerein should only be used to treat symptoms of osteoarthritis of the hip or knee and it is not recommended for rapidly progressive hip osteoarthritis.
• Treatment should only be started by doctors experienced in treating osteoarthritis.

The recommendations are based on a review of available data on the efficacy and safety of diacerein. Efficacy in the symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip or knee was shown in published studies where diacerein was superior to placebo in relieving pain^1-5. The first beneficial effects of diacerein in these studies were seen after 2 to 4 weeks of continuous use.

With regard to safety, loose stools or diarrhoea were the most frequently reported adverse events in clinical studies with diacerein at a dose of 100 mg per day. The proportion of patients with diarrhoea in clinical trials ranged from 0% to 54.4%. In the majority of cases diacerein-induced diarrhoea started in the first weeks of treatment.

Elevated serum liver enzymes and cases of symptomatic acute hepatic injury have been reported in the post-marketing phase with diacerein. In clinical studies, around 0.5% of patients on diacerein had some kind of liver reaction, with most cases being mild, reversible increases in serum transaminases. The proportion of patients who develop drug-induced liver injury following treatment with diacerein is estimated to be 0.03%.

References

1. Lequesne M, Berdah L, Gérentes I. Efficacy and Safety of Diacerein for the treatment of Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis [Efficacité et tolérance de la diacerhéine dans le traitment de la gonarthrose et de la coxarthrose]. La Revue du Praticien 1998;48:S31-S35
2. Pavelka K, Trc T, Karpas K, Vítek P, Sedlacková M, Vlasáková V, Böhmová J, Rovenský J. The Efficacy and Safety of Diacerein in the Treatment of Painful Osteoarthritis of the Knee. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2007;56:4055-4064.
3. Singh K, Sharma R, Rai J. Diacerein as adjuvant to diclofenac sodium in osteoarthritis knee. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases 2012;15(1):69-77.
4. Pelletier JP, Yaron M, Haraoui B, Cohen P, Nahir M A, Choquette D, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Diacerein in Osteoarthritis of the Knee. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2000;43(10):2339-2348.
5. Nguyen M, Dougados M, Berdah L, Amor B. Diacerhein in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip. Arthritis Rheum. 1994 Apr;37(4):529-36.

Diacerein is a slow-acting medicine of the class 'anthraquinones' used to treat joint diseases such as osteoarthritis (swelling and pain in the joints).It works by blocking the actions of interleukin‑1 beta, a protein involved in the inflammation and destruction of cartilage that play a role in the development of symptoms of degenerative joint diseases such as osteoarthritis.

Diacerein-containing medicines are taken by mouth and are currently authorised in the following EU Member States: Austria, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Slovakia and Spain.

The review of diacerein-containing medicines was initiated on 29 November 2012 at the request of the French medicines agency under Article 31 of Directive 2001/83/EC.

The review of diacerein was conducted by the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC). In November 2013, the PRAC initially recommended the suspension of the marketing authorisations for diacerein-containing medicines. However, following re-examination, the PRAC considered additional proposals to manage diacerein's risks and was satisfied that with new restrictions diacerein's benefits would outweigh its risks.

The PRAC's final recommendations were sent to the Co-ordination Group for Mutual Recognition and Decentralised Procedures – Human (CMDh), which endorsed the recommendations and adopted a position by majority vote.

The CMDh position was sent to the European Commission which endorsed it and issued an EU-wide legally binding decision on 4 September 2014.