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This resource focuses on side effects and other terms used in medicines information and assessments of medicines. It does not include terms that are used only rarely, nor does it cover most disease states or technical terms.
How to use EMA’s medical terms simplifier
- You can search for a term or click on a letter below to see terms beginning with that letter.
- Each entry contains a short description. For some, a longer or alternative description is available by selecting the term.
- We use ‘< >’ to indicate alternative or optional wording.
EMA’s medical terms simplifier will be updated periodically. For comments or suggestions, you can use our Medical terms simplifier comments form.
B
-
B cells
cells in the immune system -
B lymphocytes
see B cells -
Bacteraemia
bacteria present in the blood -
Bacteriostatic
stops bacteria from multiplying -
Bell’s palsy
weakness in the face muscles -
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
enlarged prostate gland <that is not cancerous> -
Bile
a fluid produced in the liver that helps to break down fats -
Biliary cirrhosis
see cirrhosis, biliary -
Bilirubin
a breakdown product of red blood cells -
Bilirubin (elevated)
see hyperbilirubinaemia -
Bioequivalent
two medicines are bioequivalent when they produce the same levels of the active substance in the body. -
Biological medicine
A medicine made by cells <grown in a laboratory> -
Biopsy
examination of tissue removed from the body <to check for disease> -
Biowaiver
an exemption from having to show bioequivalence between the medicine and its reference product -
Blepharitis
inflammation of the eyelid(s) -
Blood pressure, diastolic
blood pressure when the heart is between beats <(lower one of the two readings)> -
Blood pressure, systolic
blood pressure when the heart beats <( higher one of the two readings)> -
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
a marker for liver and kidney problems -
BMI
body mass index <a measure of body weight in relation to height> -
Body surface area
Use: calculated using the <patient / child>'s height and weight -
Bolus injection
full dose injected in one go <over a few seconds> -
Bone (mineral) density
a measure of how strong the bones are -
Bone marrow
spongy tissue inside the large bones <where blood cells are produced> -
Bone marrow transplantation
See haematopoietic (blood) stem cell transplantation -
Bradycardia
slow heart rate -
Breakthrough pain
flare-up of pain despite ongoing treatment with painkillers -
Bronchi
airways in the lungs -
Bronchiectasis
when airways have become weakened and scarred -
Bronchitis
inflammation of the airways in the lungs -
Bronchoconstriction
narrowing of the airways <causing breathing difficulty and wheezing> -
Bronchodilator
a medicine that widens the airways in the lungs -
Bronchospasm
excessive <and prolonged> contraction of the airway muscles causing breathing difficulty -
Bruxism
<involuntary> teeth grinding -
Bulimia nervosa
an eating disorder -
Bulla(e)
large blister(s) with pus -
Bullous
blistered -
Bullous eruption
blisters