EU/3/12/1086 - orphan designation for treatment of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
eflornithine
Orphan
Human
Overview
On 24 January 2013, orphan designation (EU/3/12/1086) was granted by the European Commission to Cancer Prevention Pharma Limited, United Kingdom, for eflornithine in combination with sulindac for the treatment of familial adenomatous polyposis.
The sponsorship was transferred to Cancer Prevention Pharma (Ireland) Limited. Ireland, in April 2019.
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a hereditary disease in which numerous polyps (growths) form in the gut, mainly in the large intestine. Polyps usually start to develop in late childhood and their number varies from hundreds to thousands. Patients with FAP may have blood in the stools, diarrhoea or constipation, abdominal pain (stomach ache) and weight loss with no obvious cause.
FAP is a long-term debilitating disease that may be life-threatening because there is a high risk of it progressing into cancer of the large intestine if it is not treated, and can cause problems outside the gut including stomach problems and other types of cancer.
At the time of designation, FAP affected approximately 0.2 in 10,000 people in the European Union (EU). This was equivalent to a total of around 10,000 people*, and is below the ceiling for orphan designation, which is 5 people in 10,000. This is based on the information provided by the sponsor and the knowledge of the Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products (COMP).
*Disclaimer: For the purpose of the designation, the number of patients affected by the condition is estimated and assessed on the basis of data from the European Union (EU 27), Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein. This represents a population of 509,000,000 (Eurostat 2013).
At the time of designation, no satisfactory methods were authorised in the EU for the treatment of FAP. Some patients were given preventive surgery to remove parts of the large bowel in order to prevent polyps from progressing into cancers.
This medicine is made up of two substances, eflornithine and sulindac:
- Eflornithine works by blocking the action of an enzyme called ornithine decarboxylase, which is involved in the production of substances called polyamines that are required for cells to grow. In patients with FAP, ornithine decarboxylase is overactivated and this has been linked with the rapid growth of polyp cells. By blocking the enzyme, eflornithine is expected to slow down the cell growth.
- Sulindac works by activating an enzyme called SSAT that expels polyamines from intestinal cells. This is expected to reduce the levels of polyamine in the intestine, thereby reducing the cell growth and improving the symptoms of the disease.
The combination of the two substances is expected to have an additive effect, slowing down the growth of the polyps more than either substance alone.
The effects of the medicine have been evaluated in experimental models.
At the time of submission of the application for orphan designation, clinical trials with the medicine in patients with FAP were being initiated.
At the time of submission, the medicine was not authorised anywhere in the EU for FAP. Eflornithine and sulindac received orphan designation in the United States for the treatment of FAP.
In accordance with Regulation (EC) No 141/2000 of 16 December 1999, the COMP adopted a positive opinion on 6 December 2012 recommending the granting of this designation.
- the seriousness of the condition;
- the existence of alternative methods of diagnosis, prevention or treatment;
- either the rarity of the condition (affecting not more than 5 in 10,000 people in the EU) or insufficient returns on investment.
Designated orphan medicinal products are products that are still under investigation and are considered for orphan designation on the basis of potential activity. An orphan designation is not a marketing authorisation. As a consequence, demonstration of quality, safety and efficacy is necessary before a product can be granted a marketing authorisation.
Key facts
- Active substance
- eflornithine
- Intended use
- Treatment of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
- Orphan designation status
- Positive
- EU designation number
- EU/3/12/1086
- Date of designation
- Sponsor
Cancer Prevention Pharma (Ireland) Limited
70 Sir John Rogerson's Quay
Grand Canal Dock
Dublin 2
Ireland
Tel. +353 1 232 2000
E-mail: jjacob@canprevent.com
Review of designation
The Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products reviews the orphan designation of a product if it is approved for marketing authorisation.
EMA list of opinions on orphan medicinal product designation
EMA publishes information on orphan medicinal product designation adopted by the Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products (COMP) on the IRIS online platform:
Patients' organisations
For contact details of patients’ organisations whose activities are targeted at rare diseases, see:
European Organisation for Rare Diseases (EURORDIS), a non-governmental alliance of patient organisations and individuals active in the field of rare diseases.
Orphanet, a database containing information on rare diseases, which includes a directory of patients’ organisations registered in Europe.
EU register of orphan medicines
The list of medicines that have received an orphan designation in the EU is available on the European Commission's website: