EU/3/21/2557 - orphan designation for prevention of retinopathy of prematurity

Insulin human

Overview

This medicine was designated as an orphan medicine for the prevention of retinopathy of prematurity in the European Union on 14 January 2022.

This means that the developer will receive scientific and regulatory support from EMA to advance their medicine to the stage where they can apply for a marketing authorisation.

Orphan designation does not mean the medicine is available or authorised for use. All medicines, including designated orphan medicines, must be authorised before they can be marketed and made available to patients in the EU.

During the medicine's development, doctors may be able to enrol patients in clinical trials investigating the medicine. For information on ongoing clinical trials in the EU, see:

• EU Clinical Trials Register

• ClinicalTrials.gov

How the medicine is expected to work

When infants are born prematurely, the development of the blood vessels (angiogenesis) supplying the retina (the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye) is incomplete. Retinopathy of prematurity occurs when the process does not complete properly after birth. Insulin plays a key role in retinal development and angiogenesis. Insulin action stimulates neuronal development, differentiation, growth, and survival. Insulin also controls and reduces inflammation and damage to the eye caused by oxidative stress. Insulin receptors are expressed throughout the different layers of the retina and retinal blood vessels. Giving insulin into the eye as drops stimulates retinal development and reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, thus preventing retinopathy of prematurity.

Based on description provided by sponsor

Stage of development at time of orphan designation

At the time of submission of the application for orphan designation:

• The effects of the medicine had been evaluated in experimental models.
• No clinical trials with the medicine in patients with retinopathy of prematurity had been started.

More information on how potential new medicines are tested during their development is available on Authorisation of medicines.

About orphan designation

Medicines intended for rare diseases can be granted an orphan designation during their development.

The orphan designation allows the developer to benefit from:

• scientific and regulatory support to advance their medicine to the stage where they can request marketing authorisation;

• market exclusivity once the medicine is on the market.

To qualify for orphan designation, a medicine must meet a number of criteria:

• it must be intended for the treatment, prevention or diagnosis of a disease that is life-threatening or chronically debilitating;

• the prevalence of the condition in the EU must not be more than 5 in 10,000 or it must be unlikely that marketing of the medicine would generate sufficient returns to justify the investment needed for its development;

• there are no satisfactory alternative methods for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of the condition or, if such a method exists, the medicine is of significant benefit to those affected by the condition.

EMA's Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products (COMP) is responsible for issuing opinions on applications for orphan designations.

The Agency sends the COMP opinion to the European Commission, which is responsible for granting the orphan designation. The full list of orphan designations is available in the Community register of orphan medicinal products for human use.

For more information, see:

• Orphan designation: Overview

• Rare diseases, orphan medicines - Getting the facts straight

Minutes of the COMP meeting on 7-9 December 2021

Adopted Reference Number: EMA/COMP/778269/2021

Key facts

• Active substance:
  Insulin human
• Intended use:
  Prevention of retinopathy of prematurity
• Orphan designation status:
  Positive
• EU designation number:
  EU/3/21/2557
• Date of designation:
  14/01/2022
• Sponsor:

  Sirius Regulatory Consulting EU Limited