EU/3/12/958: Orphan designation for the diagnosis of positive folate-receptor status in ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is cancer of the ovaries (two organs in the female reproductive system that produce eggs). Most ovarian cancers occur in women over the age of 50 years. Due to the absence of symptoms in the early stages of the disease, the majority of patients are diagnosed when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Most ovarian cancers are 'folate-receptor-positive'. This means that the surface of the cancer cell contains high amounts of a receptor which folate (a vitamin required for cell division) attaches to. This receptor can be targeted for treatment.

Ovarian cancer is a life-threatening disease that is associated with poor long-term survival.

At the time of designation, the number of patients eligible for diagnosis of positive folate-receptor status in ovarian cancer was estimated to be not more than 1.3 people in 10,000 per year in the European Union (EU)*. This is equivalent to a total of 65,819 people per year, which was considered to be below the ceiling for orphan designation. This is based on the information provided by the sponsor and the knowledge of the Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products (COMP).

*Disclaimer: For the purpose of the designation, the number of patients affected by the condition is estimated and assessed on the basis of data from the European Union (EU 27), Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein. This represents a population of 506,300,000 (Eurostat 2011).

At the time of designation, there were no satisfactory methods of diagnosing positive folate-receptor status of ovarian cancer in the EU. Existing methods were limited to detecting the presence of ovarian cancer cells. They included vaginal examination to check for any visible abnormalities of the womb or ovaries. In addition, blood tests and ultrasound were used to help identify masses in the abdomen. If a mass was discovered, the patient underwent surgery to determine the nature of the mass.

The medicine is made of two components:

• folic acid, which enables the medicine to attach to the folate receptor of folate-receptor-positive ovarian cancer cells;
• a synthetic component containing radioactive technetium (an imaging agent).

Once injected into a vein, the medicine is expected to enter ovarian cancer cells by attaching to the folate receptor. The radioactive technetium is expected to emit radiation which can be detected by an imaging method. The medicine therefore identifies those patients who have folate-receptor-positive ovarian cancers and are most likely to respond to treatment targeting the folate receptor.

The effects of this medicine have been evaluated in experimental models.

At the time of submission of the application for orphan designation, clinical trials with this medicine in patients with ovarian cancer were ongoing.

At the time of submission, the medicine was not authorised anywhere in the EU for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer or designated as an orphan medicinal product elsewhere for this condition.

In accordance with Regulation (EC) No 141/2000 of 16 December 1999, the COMP adopted a positive opinion on 7 October 2011 recommending the granting of this designation.

• the seriousness of the condition;
• the existence of alternative methods of diagnosis, prevention or treatment;
• either the rarity of the condition (affecting not more than 5 in 10,000 people in the EU) or insufficient returns on investment.

Designated orphan medicinal products are products that are still under investigation and are considered for orphan designation on the basis of potential activity. An orphan designation is not a marketing authorisation. As a consequence, demonstration of quality, safety and efficacy is necessary before a product can be granted a marketing authorisation.