EU/3/22/2653: Orphan designation for the treatment of pemphigus

Disease-causing immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) antibodies are thought to play an important role in the development of painful blisters on the skin and lining of the mouth, nose, throat, and genitals, in patients with pemphigus. IgG antibodies are components of the immune system. They are long-lasting because they are recycled and kept in the body after attaching to a protein in cells called neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). This medicine blocks FcRn and prevents IgG antibodies from attaching to FcRn. This allows the damaging IgGs to be broken down and removed from the body much more quickly, stopping further development of painful blisters.

Based on description provided by sponsor

At the time of submission of the application for orphan designation:

• The effects of the medicine had been evaluated in experimental models.
• Clinical trials with the medicine in patients with pemphigus were ongoing.

The medicine is authorised in the EU under the trade name Vyvgart for the treatment of generalised myasthenia gravis.

More information on how potential new medicines are tested during their development is available on Authorisation of medicines.

Medicines intended for rare diseases can be granted an orphan designation during their development.

The orphan designation allows the developer to benefit from:

• scientific and regulatory support to advance their medicine to the stage where they can request marketing authorisation;
• market exclusivity once the medicine is on the market.

To qualify for orphan designation, a medicine must meet a number of criteria:

• it must be intended for the treatment, prevention or diagnosis of a disease that is life-threatening or chronically debilitating;
• the prevalence of the condition in the EU must not be more than 5 in 10,000 or it must be unlikely that marketing of the medicine would generate sufficient returns to justify the investment needed for its development;
• there are no satisfactory alternative methods for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of the condition or, if such a method exists, the medicine is of significant benefit to those affected by the condition.

EMA's Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products (COMP) is responsible for issuing opinions on applications for orphan designations.

The Agency sends the COMP opinion to the European Commission, which is responsible for granting the orphan designation. The full list of orphan designations is available in the Community register of orphan medicinal products for human use.

For more information, see:

• Orphan designation: Overview
• Rare diseases, orphan medicines: Getting the facts straight