Monkeypox
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is supporting the European Union's (EU) response to the monkeypox outbreak. It is in close contact with medicine developers and its partner organisations in the EU to make medicines to prevent and treat monkeypox available to patients in the EU.
Update: The World Health Organization declared the monkeypox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 23 July 2022. |
Monkeypox disease is caused by the monkeypox virus, a human orthopoxvirus in the family Poxviridae, which is commonly found in Central and West Africa.
It can spread from animals to humans, and between people through close contact.
The current outbreak has been caused by a monkeypox virus from the West African clade.
Monkeypox is similar to smallpox, but less severe. Symptoms normally last between two and four weeks and generally disappear without treatment.
More information on monkeypox is available on the website of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC):
EMA's Emergency Task Force (ETF) is looking into available treatment options and other measures to combat the monkeypox outbreak. These include facilitating clinical trials and working with EU partners.
EMA's actions to combat the monkeypox outbreak are in line with its responsibilities for crisis preparedness and management under the Regulation on EMA's Reinforced Role (Regulation (EU) 2022/123). The Regulation came into effect in March 2022. For more information, see Crisis preparedness and management.
Tecovirimat
There is one antiviral treatment against monkeypox authorised in the EU, Tecovirimat.
Tecovirimat is also authorised to treat smallpox and cowpox.
Imvanex (updated)There is one vaccine authorised for use against monkeypox disease in the EU, Imvanex. Imvanex has been authorised to protect adults from monkeypox disease in the EU since 22 July 2022. It is also authorised to protect people against diseases caused by the vaccinia virus. These new indications were added to Imvanex's existing authorisation against smallpox, which has been in place in the EU since 2013. EMA's Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) began evaluating extending Imvanex's authorisation for use against monkeypox on 27 June 2022. For more information on the vaccine and its assessment by the CHMP, see Imvanex. |
ETF statement on monkeypox vaccine
In the United States, the vaccine is available under the brand name Jynneos.
As there are currently limited supplies of Imvanex in the EU, EMA's ETF is recommending that Jynneos can be used to prevent monkeypox.
EMA's Emergency Task Force has given this advice to support national authorities who may decide, as a temporary measure, to import Jynneos from the US to help tackle the rising rates of infection.
EMA is taking action to accelerate the development of monkeypox vaccines and treatments, in close cooperation with the European medicines regulatory network.
It is working via its Emergency Task Force (ETF) which is responsible for guiding and accelerating the development and authorisation of medicines intended to target a public health emergency, such as the monkeypox outbreak.
This covers operational aspects such as providing rapid scientific advice for products under development, facilitating clinical trials and supporting the fast-track approval of medicines such as vaccines and antivirals.
For full details on the ETF’s role, responsibilities and composition, see:
Update: EMA is revising the ETF's composition to ensure that it has the right expertise to deal with the monkeypox outbreak in addition to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. EMA encourages developers of medicines intended to prevent or treat monkeypox to contact the Agency early, by writing to pheearlyinteractions@ema.europa.eu. |
Facilitating multinational clinical trials
The ETF is working to facilitate large multinational clinical trials into potential medicines for monkeypox. The goal of this is to accelerate the assessment and approval of clinical trial applications.
It does this by:
- reviewing clinical trial protocols submitted by sponsors;
- liaising with the Clinical Trials Coordination Group (CTCG) and other EU clinical trial experts from the national competent authorities.
Update: EMA encourages clinical trial sponsors to contact the Agency early, by writing to phesupportct@ema.europa.eu. They should send their proposal together with the study protocol and the list of countries where they intend to conduct the trial, if available. |
New: The European medicines regulatory network will be closely monitoring the supply of critical medicines for monkeypox during the public health emergency. This aims to enable the network to prevent or to address any shortages of these medicines early.
The list of critical medicines for monkeypox will be available on this webpage once it has been adopted by EMA's Executive Steering Group on Shortages and Safety of Medicinal Products (MSSG).
The MSSG is responsible for drawing up and maintaining the list, and for coordinating urgent EU actions to manage medicine supply issues in the EU.
For full details on the MSSG’s role, responsibilities and composition, see:
EMA and its ETF are working in close cooperation with partner organisations in the EU in monitoring the outbreak and enabling the availability of treatment options to patients.
These partner organisations include: