The European Medicines Agency (EMA) started this project in September 2009, following a request from the European Commission to develop a harmonised approach for the collection and reporting of data on the use of antimicrobial agents in animals from EU and European Economic Area (EEA) Member States.

Voluntary participation in the ESVAC project increased from 9 to 31 reporting countries over the years.

The ESVAC project formally comes to an end in November 2023 with the publication of its final report.

From January 2024, all EU / EEA Member States must report their data on the volume of sales and use of antimicrobial medicinal products in animals, in line with the Veterinary Medicinal Products Regulation.

EU / EEA Member States must use EMA's Antimicrobial Sales and Use Platform to report their data to EMA.

More information:

Interactive ESVAC database

The interactive ESVAC database allows users to access a summary of the specific ESVAC data they are interested in, including data for a specific country or sales of a particular antimicrobial class.

Users can use the database to customise charts, maps and graphs.

Access the database directly via the link below:

Annual report on sales of veterinary antimicrobial medicinal products

Overall, most participating countries have been successful in reducing the use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals. The latest results show the potential in other countries as well.

For the 25 countries providing sales data continuously between 2011 and 2022, sales fell by 53% over this period.

Sales have fallen particularly sharply for antimicrobials in AMEG Category B, also classified by the World Health Organization as critically important in human medicine:

Antimicrobial classesReduction in total sales since 2011
3rd and 4th generation cephalosporinsBy 49%
PolymyxinsBy 91%
FluoroquinolonesBy 25 %
Other quinolonesBy 90 %

Since 2011, sales decreased in 24 countries. Of these, 21 countries show a decrease of more than 15% (and up to 68%). Throughout this period, sales have increased in only 1 country (55% compared to 2011).

Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 31 European countries in 2022 - Trends from 2010 to 2022, thirteenth ESVAC report

The metrics featured for the years 2018 (118,3), 2022 (84,8) and 2030 (59,2) show sales in milligram of active substance sold by population correction unit (mg / PCU).

For more information, see Population correction unit.

Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 31 European countries in 2021 - Trends from 2010 to 2021 - Twelfth ESVAC report

 

Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 31 European countries in 2019 and 2020 - Trends from 2010 to 2020 - Eleventh ESVAC report

 

Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 31 European countries in 2018 - Trends from 2010 to 2018 - Tenth ESVAC report

 

Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 31 European countries in 2017 - Ninth ESVAC report

 

Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 30 European countries in 2016 - Trends from 2010 to 2016 Eighth ESVAC report

 

Seventh ESVAC report: sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 30 European countries in 2015

 

Sixth ESVAC report: sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 29 European countries in 2014

 

Fifth ESVAC report: sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 26 European Union/European Economic Area countries in 2013

 

Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 26 European Union / European Economic Area countries in 2012: Fourth European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption report

 

Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 25 European Union / European Economic Area countries in 2011 - Third European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption report

 

Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 19 European Union / European Economic Area countries in 2010 - Second European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption report

 

Trends in the sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in nine European countries

Related information materials

Trends by country

An overview of country-specific trends in the volume of sales of veterinary antimicrobial medicinal products between 2010 and 2021 is available in the country reports below.

Each one of the 31 countries has provided information corresponding to their data, and each section presents changes of sales by antimicrobial class, along with a brief summary and discussion of the data. 

Country reports on sales trends (2010-2022)

Austrian flagAustria - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic VMPs for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

 

belgium.gif

Belgium - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

Bulgarian flag

Bulgaria - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

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Croatia - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022​

  

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Cyprus - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

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​Czechia - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

denmark.gif

Denmark - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

Estonian flag

​Estonia - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

finland.gif​Finland - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

france.gif

France - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

germany.gif

Germany - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

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Greece - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic VMPs for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

hungary.gif

Hungary - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic VMPs for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

iceland.jpg

Iceland - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic VMPs for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

ireland.gif

Ireland - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic VMPs for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

italy.gif

Italy - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic VMPs for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

latvia.gifLatvia - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic VMPs for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

lithuania.gif

Lithuania - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic VMPs for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

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Luxembourg - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic VMPs for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

malta.gif

Malta - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic VMPs for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

netherlands.gif

Netherlands - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

norway.jpg

Norway - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

poland.gif

Poland - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

portugal.gif

Portugal - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

romania.gifRomania - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

slovakia.gif

Slovakia - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

slovenia.gif

Slovenia - ​Portugal - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

spain.gif

Spain - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

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Sweden - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

Swiss flag

​Switzerland - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

   

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United Kingdom - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2022

  

 

For the interpretation of data for individual countries, the following points should be considered:

  • it is generally agreed that it usually takes at least three to four years to establish a valid baseline for the data on sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents;
  • differences in the selection of sales data providers and changes in already established systems collecting and handling the sales data may also have an impact;
  • data obtained through the first years of data collection should therefore be interpreted with due caution, and this is equally valid when major system changes occur.

Differences between countries should be interpreted with caution. Variations in reported sales (mg/PCU) and in sales patterns are likely to be partly due to differences in: 

  • occurrence of bacterial diseases;
  • composition of the animal population;
  • animal production systems;
  • prescription guidelines or practices;
  • daily doses used for various antimicrobial agents and pharmaceutical forms;
  • duration of antimicrobial treatment.

A number of countries offered comments related to activities combatting antimicrobial resistance in animals and explanations for the decline or increase of sales in their country. These include: 

  • implementation of national action plans to reduce the occurrence of resistance;
  • strategies and campaigns to promote prudent use of antimicrobials;
  • restrictions on use of certain antimicrobials in food-producing animals;
  • prescription control measures;
  • campaigns to raise awareness of the threat of antimicrobial resistance;
  • setting targets for reduction of antimicrobial sales;
  • underreporting and implementation of new data collection systems.

 

  

Austrian flag

  Austria - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

belgium.gif

  Belgium - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

Bulgarian flag

  Bulgaria - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

croatia.gif

  Croatia - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

cyprus.gif

  Cyprus - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

czechrepublic.gif

  Czechia - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

denmark.gif

  Denmark - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

Estonian flag

  Estonia - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

finland.gif

  Finland - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

france.gif

  France - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

germany.gif

  Germany - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

greece.gif

  Greece - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

hungary.gif

  Hungary - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

iceland.jpg

  Iceland - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

ireland.gif

  Ireland - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

italy.gif

  Italy - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

latvia.gif

  Latvia - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

lithuania.gif

  Lithuania - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

luxembourg.gif

  Luxembourg - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

malta.gif

  Malta - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

netherlands.gif

  Netherlands - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

norway.jpg

  Norway - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

poland.gif

  Poland - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

portugal.gif

  Portugal - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

romania.gif

  Romania - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

slovakia.gif

  Slovakia - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

slovenia.gif

  Slovenia - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

spain.gif

  Spain - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

sweden.gif

  Sweden - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

Swiss flag

    Switzerland - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

uk.gif

  United Kingdom - Sales trends (mg/PCU) of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products for food-producing animals from 2010 to 2021

 

Austrian flag

 Austria - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2010 and 2020

belgium.gif

 Belgium - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2010 and 2020

Bulgarian flag

 Bulgaria - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2011 and 2020

croatia.gif

 Croatia - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2014 and 2020

cyprus.gif

 Cyprus - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2011 and 2020

czechrepublic.gif

 Czechia - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2010 and 2020

denmark.gif

 Denmark - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2010 and 2020

Estonian flag

 Estonia - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2010 and 2020

finland.gif

 Finland- trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2010 and 2020

france.gif

 France - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2010 and 2020

germany.gif

 Germany - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2011 and 2020

greece.gif

 Greece - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2015 and 2020

hungary.gif

 Hungary - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2010 and 2020

iceland.jpg

 Iceland - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2010 and 2020

ireland.gif

 Ireland - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2010 and 2020

italy.gif

 Italy - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2010 and 2020

latvia.gif

 Latvia - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2010 and 2020

lithuania.gif

 Lithuania - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2010 and 2020

luxembourg.gif

 Luxembourg - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2012 and 2020

malta.gif

 Malta - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2017 and 2020

netherlands.gif

 Netherlands - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2010 and 2020

norway.jpg

 Norway - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2010 and 2020

poland.gif

 Poland - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2011 and 2020

portugal.gif

 Portugal - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2010 and 2020

romania.gif

 Romania - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2014 and 2020

slovakia.gif

 Slovakia - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2011 and 2020

slovenia.gif

 Slovenia - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2010 and 2020

spain.gif

 Spain - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2010 and 2020

sweden.gif

 Sweden - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2010 and 2020

Swiss flag

   Switzerland - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2011 and 2020

uk.gif

 United Kingdom - trends in the sales of antimicrobial VMPs for food-producing animals between 2010 and 2020

 

Austrian flag

 Austria - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

belgium.gif

 Belgium - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

Bulgarian flag

Bulgaria - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

croatia.gif

 Croatia - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

cyprus.gif

 Cyprus - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

czechrepublic.gif

 Czechia- trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

denmark.gif

 Denmark - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

Estonian flag

 Estonia - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

finland.gif

 Finland - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

france.gif

 France - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

germany.gif

 Germany - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

greece.gif

 Greece - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

hungary.gif

 Hungary - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

iceland.jpg

 Iceland - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

ireland.gif

 Ireland - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

italy.gif

 Italy - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

latvia.gif

 Latvia - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

lithuania.gif

 Lithuania - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

luxembourg.gif

 Luxembourg - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

malta.gif

 Malta - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

netherlands.gif

 Netherlands - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

norway.jpg

 Norway - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

poland.gif

 Poland - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

portugal.gif

 Portugal - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

romania.gif

 Romania - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

slovakia.gif

 Slovakia - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

slovenia.gif

 Slovenia - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

spain.gif

 Spain - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

sweden.gif

 Sweden - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

Swiss flag

   Switzerland - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

uk.gif

 United Kingdom - trends in the sales of veterinary antibiotics between 2010 and 2018

Sales data reporting form and protocol

To obtain standardised data, participating countries provide their sales data of veterinary antimicrobials and animal population data based on a data reporting protocol and data collection form, which are available below. EMA processes the data according to the protocol.

The protocol outlines the:

EMA and the national ESVAC contact points revised the data reporting protocol in March 2021, including updated ESVAC conversation factors.

Until further notice, the submission of antimicrobial sales data for 2020 and onwards should follow the revised protocol.

  • data submission requirements;
  • instructions for data quality confirmation;
  • conversion factors EMA uses when processing the data.

    European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC) web based data collection form

    European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC) web based sales and and animal population data collection protocol

    The reporting forms and protocols that had been in use in previous years are available for reference below.

    (Superseded) European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC) web-based data collection form (2020)

    (Superseded) European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC) web-based sales and animal population data collection protocol (2020)

    (Superseded) European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC) web-based data collection form (2016)

    (Superseded) European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC) web-based sales and animal population data collection protocol (2019)

    (Superseded) European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC) data collection form (template)

    (Superseded) European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC) data collection protocol

    Population correction unit

    The amounts of veterinary antimicrobial agents sold are linked to the animal demographics in each country. In order to normalise the sales data for the animal population that can be subjected to treatment with antimicrobial agents, a population correction unit (PCU) is used in the ESVAC as a proxy for the size of the animal population. The way the PCU is calculated can be seen in Appendix 2 of the first ESVAC report.

    European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC) population correction unit template

    Standardised units of measurement

    To enable a more detailed analysis of trends in antimicrobial consumption, ESVAC is preparing a system for the collection of harmonised and standardised data on consumption by animal species.

    As a first step, EMA has established standardised units of measurement for reporting antimicrobial consumption in specific animal species, called the 'defined daily dose' and 'defined course dose' for animals. For more information, see:

    Reporting data by animal species

    In February 2018, EMA published guidance on reporting antimicrobial consumption data by animal species and an updated questions-and-answers document (Q&A) clarifying the rationale for certain recommendations, taking into account comments received during public consultation:

    On 26 April 2017, the European Commission organised a workshop with EMA on data collection on consumption of veterinary antimicrobials in Europe. There was general consensus among stakeholders on the need to collect data on antimicrobial use by animal species, and on the benefits of such data collection.

    Stratifying sales data by animal species

    In July 2018, EMA launched a project for stratifying sales data of veterinary antimicrobials by animal species. This enables an approximate estimation of consumption by different species, by allocating a proportion of the total sales to each species a veterinary antimicrobial is used in.

    EMA has published a protocol for collecting sales data for stratification:

    The protocol is based on ongoing experience with a pilot project with six volunteer Member States that has been testing this methodology and possible approaches to be used in EU/EEA Member States.

    ESVAC strategy 2016 - 2020

    EMA has developed an ESVAC strategy for 2016-2020. The strategy takes into account stakeholder feedback provided during public consultation:

    During the next five years, ESVAC will continue collecting and publishing overall sales data from as many EU and EEA countries as possible.

    The strategy aims to enable the analysis of European-level trends in antimicrobial consumption per animal species, using data that is standardised between countries.

    EMA will bring together the best European expertise for harmonising data collection and analysis methodologies. It will provide guidance on the collection of data per species, with a specific focus on the three major food-producing ones: pigs, cattle and broilers (poultry).

    ESVAC meetings

    Documents

    Terms of reference 2016 - 2017: ESVAC species Expert Advisory Group

    ESVAC sales Expert Advisory Group: Terms of reference 2021-2022

    Draft concept paper on guidance for the collection of data on antimicrobial consumption by species from national data collection systems

    Report on ESVAC trial for collecting data on consumption of antimicrobial agents in pigs

    Overview of comments received on draft ESVAC reflection paper on collecting data on consumption of antimicrobial agents per animal species, on technical units of measurement and indicators for reporting consumption of an...

    Revised European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC) reflection paper on collecting data on consumption of antimicrobial agents per animal species, on technical units of measurement and indicator...

    (Superseded) European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC) data collection protocol

    The ATCvet classification system

    (Superseded) European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC) data collection form (template)

    Examples on how to fill in the European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC) data collection form

    Principles for ensuring the confidentiality of data supplied to the European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Agent Consumption (ESVAC) project

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